Survey & Land Endorsements: learn & quiz

The minute version

ALTA 9 series: restrictions, encroachments, minerals

ALTA 9 (loan) insures a lender against covenant violations that defeat or impair the mortgage lien, violations of enforceable covenants existing at Date of Policy, enforced removal for plat setback violations, recorded environmental-covenant violation notices, encroachments, and damage from easement maintenance or surface use for excepted minerals.
ALTA 9.1 / 9.2 (owner's): covenant, condition and restriction (CC&R) coverage for unimproved and improved land.
ALTA 9.3 (loan): CC&R coverage without the mineral and encroachment pieces.
ALTA 9.6 / 9.9: private rights such as options, rights of first refusal and prior-approval rights in an excepted CC&R document.
ALTA 9.7 / 9.8: land under development.
ALTA 9, 9.7 and 9.10 have 2021 versions dated August 1, 2025 that replace the -06 forms. Use the current form.

Insures the land in Schedule A is the same land described in the identified survey. ALTA 25.1 covers a designated portion of a survey that shows more parcels.

ALTA 28 insures against damage to an existing building, or its enforced removal or alteration, resulting from exercise of the right to use or maintain a specific easement excepted in Schedule B.
ALTA 28.1 covers encroachments by improvements on the land onto neighboring land or easements (and by neighbors' improvements onto the land), plus enforced removal.
ALTA 28.2 limits that to improvements itemized in the endorsement; 28.3 extends it to land under development per identified plans.